Dental Restorative Operation:
Dental ‘Filling’
A dental filling is a type of restorative dentistry treatment used to repair minimal tooth fractures, tooth decay or otherwise damaged surfaces of the teeth. Dental filling materials, which include composite, porcelain and silver amalgam, may be used to even out tooth surfaces for better biting or chewing
A dental filling is usually a two-part step. It is first the removal of decaying tooth matter, caused by cavities, or alternately, the removal of damaged tooth matter caused by injury. Secondly, the dentist applies different materials, to fill the removed portion of the tooth, which allows the person to have full function of that tooth.

Dental ‘Crown’
Dental Crown is a process of tooth restoration. With its purposes of protecting damaged, cracked or broken teeth, our dental operation aims to strengthen your existing tooth to preserve its functionality.
The replacement tooth has the shape and color of a natural tooth that fits in well with your natural teeth. If you have a chipped tooth or a tooth that has become damaged as a result of decay, then a crown can protect it from further trauma. Crowns are required when the strength of the tooth supporting the restoration.
What materials can crowns be made from? / What dental practices may well reflect the quality of the materials used?
- Metals, including gold alloy, other alloys (eg.palladium) and base-metal alloy ( eg. nickel or chromium). Less tooth structure needs to be removed with metal crowns, and tooth to opposing teeth is kept to a minimum. However, the metallic color is the main drawback. Metal crowns are a great choice for out-of-sight molars.
- Porcelain-fused-to-metal dental crowns can be color matched to your adjacent teeth (unlike the metallic crowns).However, more wearing to the opposing teeth occurs with this crown type compared with metal or resin crowns. These crowns can be a good choice for front or back teeth.
- Resin dental crowns are less expensive than other crown types. However, they can wear down over time and are more prone to fractures than porcelain-fused-to metal crowns.
- All-ceramic or all-porcelain dental crowns provide the best natural color material than any other crown type and may be more suitable for people with metal allergies.However, they are not as strong as porcelain-fused-to metal crown they wear down opposing teeth a little more than metal or resin crowns.All-ceramic crowns are a good choice for front teeth.
- Temporary versus Permanent; temporary crowns are made of acrylic or stainless steel and can be used as a temporary restoration until a permanent crown is constructed by the dental laboratory.
With its wide variety of dental materials, there is a variation of the cost of Dental Crowns in different materials.
How long do crowns last? - Dental crowns require the same level of care and attention as your natural teeth. And, a high-quality dental crown can last 10-15 years.

Dental Root Canal Treatment
If your tooth's nerve chamber becomes infected by decay, root canal treatment is often the only way to save your tooth.
Inside your tooth's hard external crust is a nourishing pulp of blood vessels, lymph vessels and nerves. The root canal allows these vessels and nerves to extend to the bone.
Deep tooth decay or injury can cause serious damage and infection to the pulps nerves and vessels. Root canal, also known as endodontic, the treatment cleans out the infected pulp chamber and canals.
Besides, these are some indications of the need for root canal treatment:
- Spontaneous pain or throbbing.
- Pain while biting or chewing.
- Sensitivity to hot and cold.
- Severe decay or injury that causes an abscess (infection) in the bone surrounding the tooth.
Treatment procedure
Step 1: After the tooth is anesthetized, an opening is made through the crown into the pulp chamber.
Step 2: The lengths of the roots' canals are determined.
Step 3: Unhealthy pulp is removed. Canals are cleaned, enlarged and shaped using progressively larger endodontic files.
Step 4: Canals are filled and sealed. A metal post may be added for structural support or to retain restorative materials.
Step 5: The tooth is sealed; and usually a gold and porcelain crown adds for further protection.
The material used to fill your root canal will probably last a lifetime period, but the filling or crown may need to be replaced.

The same replacing missing-teeth methods cannot be all apply to every patients. The following are viable options for replacing one or more teeth:
- Dental implants
- Dental bridges
- Partial or full dentures
But, which one is the best option for you? These are significant criteria that you can consider:
Number of teeth missing: When only 1 or 2 teeth are missing, implants are the best option. Alternatively, bridges can be placed .Partial dentures are good for cases when more than 3-4 teeth are missing,and complete dentures are for when all teeth are missing.
Cost: Dental implants are very costly, and are not covered by most dental insurance programs. Bridges are usually second in cost, followed by partial or full dentures.
Time:Bridges are usually completed by two appointments in the course of a week. Dentures are made as quickly, but need adjustments over the course of months. Implants involve surgery, and require several months for healing
Oral health: The biggest dental concern is the condition within the mouth. Few dentists will place implants in patients who are avoid smokers, as they are prone to failure. Similarly, bridges need to be supported by nearby teeth, so those teeth need to be of sound health.
Dentures have the highest success rate in those with poor oral hygiene.
Comfort: Dental implants are the gold standard for replacing missing teeth, and many patients can hardly tell them apart from real teeth .Bridges are also highly aesthetic and fixed in the mouth, but keeping them clean can be difficult. Dentures can appear natural , but can slip out while eating certain foods, so most patients need to learn to adapt.

Dental ‘Implants’
Whatever the reason for losing your teeth, they need to be replaced; both for aesthetic and functional purposes. The most common treatments for missing teeth are either a denture or a fixed bridge. However, dental implants are now becoming a more popular treatment to replace missing teeth, as they provide a longer-term solution, slow down bone loss and preserve nearby healthy tooth tissue. Also, implants provide a strong foundation form (permanent) or removable replacement teeth that are made to match your natural teeth.
What is involved in getting a dental implant?
The first step in the process is the development of an individualized treatment plan. A plan addresses your specific needs, prepared by a team of professionals who specially trained and experienced in oral surgery and restorative dentistry. Our specialized dentists approach provides coordinated care based on the implant option that is best for you.
Next, the tooth root implant, a small post made of titanium is placed into the socket of the missing tooth. As the jawbone heals, it grows around the implant metal post, anchoring it securely in the jaw. The healing process can take from 6 to 12 weeks. Once the implant has bonded to the jawbone, a small connector post called an abutment is attached to the post to securely hold the new tooth. To make your new tooth or teeth, our dentist makes impressions of your teeth, and creates a model, which captures all of your teeth, their type, and arrangement. A replacement tooth, called a crown , is then attached to the abutment.
Instead of one or more individual crowns, some patients may have attachments placed the implant that retain and support a removable denture. Our dentist also will match the color of your new teeth to your natural teeth. Because implant is secured within the jawbone, the replacement teeth look, feel, and function like your own natural teeth.
Local anesthesia can be used during the procedure, and most patients report that implants involve less pain than a tooth extraction. After the dental implant, mild soreness can be treated with pain killer such as Ibuprofen and Paracetamol.

Dental ‘Bridges'
Dental bridges are a fixed solution for replacing a missing tooth or teeth; they cannot be removed. An artificial tooth is held in
the open space at the gum line by attaching it to teeth on either side of the missing tooth. If several teeth are missing, artificial teeth are strung together and attached to adjacent real teeth. As one would expect ,the supporting real teeth need to be of good health, or else the entire bridge will collapse. If done properly, bridges are capable of with-standing normal daily stresses and being made of porcelain makes them indistinguishable from real teeth.
Types of Dental Bridges
The most common type is the conventional fixed dental bridge; this bridge, the dentist trims both teeth adjacent to the missing tooth and cements a porcelain crown on top of each. Attached to the two crowns is an artificial tooth (or pontic) in the middle. This arrangement provides maximum support when any force applied to the artificial tooth is spread to the two nearby sound teeth
Another form of a dental bridge is a cantilever bridge; only one adjacent tooth is trimmed and fitted with a crown that is attached to the artificial tooth. Trimming a tooth involves removing large amounts of tooth structure from healthy teeth, so a dentist might choose this option to preserve tooth structure. The downside for cantilever bridges is that support for the artificial tooth is provided by only the one tooth. This limits its use to areas of the mouth which receive little stress during chewing.
Finally, the dentist may opt for a resin-bonded bridge or Maryland bridge. These bridges require minimal trimming of adjacent teeth and rely on plastic resin to hold the artificial tooth in place. This makes them very weak, and should therefore only be considered for replacing front teeth, provided that the gums are healthy and the surrounding teeth do not have extensive dental fillings.

Denture - click 'Cosmetic' page
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